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Friday, August 31, 2012

Slavery in the Early United States


The first African slaves were brought to English mainland North America in the early 1600s. For the following two centuries few of them grew cotton or even lived in the region in the south that would later form the Confederacy. Historians such as Ira Berlin have broken those 200 years before the invention of the cotton gin and cotton culture into three sections: a Charter Generation made of the first arrivals, a Plantation Generation where the development of staple items and farm production expanded, and a Revolutionary Generation which evolved under the liberation and freedom movements of the late 1700s.
Depiction of the arrival of slaves to the English colonies. 
          Near the end of the 1700s, two trends washed across the thirteen colonies that would change the face of slavery in America. First was the democratic revolution and War for American Independence from England. Second was a religious upsurge that presumed all were equal in God’s eyes. The religious trend overlapped and reinforced the trend of revolutionary ideas and put increased pressures on slaveholders to be able to support their position and beliefs. Baptists, Methodists, and Quakers in particular were at the front of this religious wave of anti-slavery sentiment.
          Unfortunately, the American Revolution ultimately improved the power of the planters and plantation owners in the Southern states. After the war, they reopened the African slave trade until 1808 when Congress permanently ended American participation in international slave trading. After 1808, slave populations grew by way of internal or domestic trading. Male and female slaves would be paired up to produce children who in turn would be slaves. 


-- a brief history of early slavery in the U.S.
from Time Trip #2 

Video of Historian James O. Horton 
discussing slavery in the early years of the United States.





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KILLING FOR COUNTRY  
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THE JOURNEY TO ANCIENT GREECE 
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A RIDE ON THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD
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WITNESS TO THE FIRST THANKSGIVING 


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Middle Passage

The Middle Passage was the stage of the triangular trade in which millions of people from Africa were shipped to the New World, as part of the Atlantic slave trade. Ships departed Europe for African markets with manufactured goods, which were traded for purchased or kidnapped Africans, who were transported across the Atlantic as slaves; the slaves were then sold or traded for raw materials, which would be transported back to Europe to complete the voyage. Voyages on the Middle Passage were a large financial undertaking, and they were generally organized by companies or groups of investors rather than individuals.

Traders from the Americas and Caribbean received the enslaved Africans. European powers such as Portugal, England, Spain, France, the Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, and Brandenburg, as well as traders from Brazil and North America, took part in this trade. The enslaved Africans came mostly from eight regions: Senegambia, Upper Guinea, Windward Coast, Gold Coast, Bight of Benin, Bight of Biafra, West Central Africa and Southeastern Africa.

An estimated 15% of the Africans died at sea, with mortality rates considerably higher in Africa itself in the process of capturing and transporting indigenous peoples to the ships. The total number of African deaths directly attributable to the Middle Passage voyage is estimated at up to two million; a broader look at African deaths directly attributable to the institution of slavery from 1500 to 1900 suggests up to four million African deaths.

-- from Wikipedia 


Excerpt from a British documentary 
covering the topic of the Middle Passage.


Excerpt of Historian Henry Louis Gates, Jr. discussing the capture of slaves in Africa.


Time Trip Adventure 1 
The Journey to Ancient Greece 
PDF available FREE here 

TIME TRIP ADVENTURE 2
A RIDE ON THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD
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Fugitive Slave Act of 1850


The U.S. Congress passed the Fugitive Slave Act in September of 1850, and it was signed into law by President Millard Fillmore. The law declared that all runaway (or fugitive) slaves must be returned to their masters even if they had successfully reached a free state. It even required that all free citizens cooperate with the authorities to help return these fugitives, and in effect legislated that all free Americans become slave-catchers including those who were abolitionists and hated slavery.
“A government,” said the Underground Railroad historian Wilbur Siebert, “whose first national manifesto contained the exalted principles enshrined in the Declaration of Independence, stooping to the task of slave-catching, violates all their ideas of national dignity, decency and consistency.” 
 Because of this unjustified use of force by the Federal Government, many people in the North soon began taking more creative and dangerous steps to secure the protection of fugitives who they happened to come in contact with.



-- background on the Fugitive Slave Laws of 1850
from Time Trip #2 




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THE JOURNEY TO ANCIENT GREECE 
Available at Amazon.com!

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A RIDE ON THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD
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WITNESS TO THE FIRST THANKSGIVING 
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KILLING FOR COUNTRY  
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Wednesday, August 29, 2012

Nat Turner's Ghost


Zammie noticed how his cousin kept staring off into the dark woods that surrounded them.
“What is it, Kyla?”
“I don’t know. What kind of animals live out here?” she asked. “Anything dangerous?”
“It ain’t the animals we need to worry about,” said Henry. “It’s Nat Turner’s ghost we should fear.”
“What you sayin’ now?” asked Robert.
Nat Turner plans his rebellion.
“Who’s Nat Turner?” asked Kyla.
“He was a slave that led a rebellion,” said Henry. “He killed lots of white folks by choppin’ ‘em up, and then hid in the woods for days until they caught him, and they hung him. And now Nat Turner’s ghost walks through these woods at night lookin’ for lost souls.”
“Really?” asked Kyla. Zammie didn’t believe much in ghosts, but Kyla was both enthralled and terrified by stories of the paranormal.
“Yes, ma’am, an’ he’ll follow right behind you in the dark. You’ll hear his footsteps comin’ up close. Feel his hot breath on the back a’yur neck. You’ll feel his fingers touchin’ your shoulder. An’ then you’ll turn aroun’ . . . but no one’ll be there. But one touch from his ghost an’ you’ll be dead within three days. Yur heart’ll just stop workin’.”
“Stop scarin’ the girl,” said Ben.
“It’s okay,” said Kyla. “I’m not that scared.” She claimed not to be too scared, but she kept close to Zammie and Robert all the same. 



-- Nat Turner's Ghost

from Time Trip #2


Cover of the Nat Turner comic book.


TIME TRIP ADVENTURE 4
KILLING FOR COUNTRY  
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TIME TRIP ADVENTURE 1
THE JOURNEY TO ANCIENT GREECE 
Available at Amazon.com!

TIME TRIP ADVENTURE 2
A RIDE ON THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD
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TIME TRIP ADVENTURE 3
WITNESS TO THE FIRST THANKSGIVING 

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Monday, August 27, 2012

The Journey to Ancient Greece - Chapter 9



Later that evening everyone from the village had gathered outside around a warm campfire. The remains of fish bones were piled up just outside the encampment. A couple stacks of emptied wooden bowls gave additional evidence to the big meal that had been consumed. The bowls would be washed later, but first everyone was enjoying a story being told by Vinnie. The flickering fire caused shadows to dance across the faces of the children and adults alike. They were all listening intently as Vinnie spun a tale taken from part of Homer’s The Odyssey
Sailing between the two monsters.
          “After escaping the tempting songs of the Sirens, Odysseus and his crew had yet another difficult decision to make,” Vinnie said. “Their path would take them through the Strait of Messina between Sicily and Calabria. Not too far from where we sit now. But in this narrow waterway resided two powerful monsters. On the one side of the straight was Charybdis. Now Charybdis was once a beautiful girl who had special powers over the waters in this area. Her parents were Gaia and Poseidon himself, and Charybdis would use her powers over the water to cause catastrophic tidal waves and typhoons in order to destroy cities and reclaim the land for her parents. In fact, she had become so successful at destroying all the small fishing villages in the area that Zeus had become angry with her, and cursed her. Zeus turned this beautiful woman into a wretched sea monster who took the form of an enormous, ugly abalone with a face.”
Vinnie made an ugly face to some of the younger children to show them what Charybdis looked like. The children’s eyes were as big as saucers as they hung on every word Vinnie said. “But her face was just a giant mouth that did nothing but swallow huge amounts of water three times a day before spewing it back out into the sea again. This created tremendous whirlpools that would draw in any boat that wasn’t paying attention to where it was going.
Scylla
          “On the other side of the straight was an even more horrifying creature, the six-headed monster known as Scylla. Scylla was a terrible sea goddess who loved to feast on the flesh of sailors who passed too close to her. She had six long, scaly necks with six ugly, wretched heads, and mouths lined with three rows of razor sharp teeth. Teeth that were stained with blood and smelled of rotting meat. Her voice was like a terrible dog that was so loud it would burst a man’s eardrums if he got too close.
          “It would be impossible to avoid both creatures, so Odysseus had to decide which one his men would row closer to. He knew that if he got too close to Scylla then each of her six heads would grab one of his men off the boat leaving him with a smaller crew. If they got too close to Charybdis, however, she would drag down his entire boat and all of his men, including himself, would be lost in the whirlpool.
“So Odysseus tried his best to have the boat travel directly between the two monsters. As he did this, he saw Scylla’s six heads rose high out of the water, watching Odysseus’ boat intently while licking her lips and waiting for her next meal to arrive. Odysseus and his men were frightened but brave. They knew that Scylla wouldn’t move too close to Charybdis or she would be pulled down into the whirlpool as well. But when the currents of Charybdis began to pull on the boat Odysseus had his men change direction to avoid being sucked into the whirlpool.  And when he did that…Scylla made her move. Her long, scaly, green necks with the ugly faces on the ends came down and bit on some of the oars the sailors were holding, and she dragged the boat even closer to her. She then quickly snatched up six of Odysseus’ men, and each of her heads began to feed on a sailor; ripping and shredding and eating them alive!”
Odysseus
Some of the children gasped at the intensity of the story. 
Vinnie continued, “Odysseus was horrified, but while the beast was busy eating it gave Odysseus and the rest of his crew time to row past her and onto safety. 
          “Odysseus was devastated!  He had lost six of his best men, and he knew it was his fault. His boat landed on the island of Thrinacia where his shocked and exhausted men got out and tried to get some rest…which is what all of you children need to do now. It’s getting late!”
          Groans rose from all the children, “No, Uncle Vinnie,” they said. “What happens next?”
          “You’ll find out next time. There’s still a long way to go in that story,” said Vinnie. “Time for sleep. All children must get their rest.”
          The rest of the parents helped shepherd their children back towards the village houses. Zammie was wearing one of Vinnie’s extra tunics. It was too big for him, but it had been pinned up around his shoulders so that it wouldn’t drag on the ground. He walked up to Vinnie and asked him, “How long was Odysseus away from home?”
          “Twenty years,” answered Vinnie. “Ten years at war in Troy and ten years to travel back home. He was gone so long that many people in his hometown believed him to be dead.”
           Vinnie noticed that the answer appeared to bother Zammie.
          “You are trying to get home as well, aren’t you, Zamuel?” asked Vinnie.
          “Yes, we are,” said Zammie.
          “Don’t worry. The three of you brought me such good luck today with the catch, I’m sure you will find equal success on the rest of you journey.”
          “We appreciate you taking us to Patras tomorrow,” said Zammie. “I realize that you’ll lose a day of fishing.”
          “It’ll be fine. The other fishermen here are more than capable to cover for me. And I think it’s time for you and your cousin to be getting home as well.”
          Zammie just nodded his head. Once again, a feeling of deep exhaustion began to overtake him.
          “It’s late,” said Vinnie, “and we have a big day tomorrow. Time for you and your friends to rest.”
          Vinnie led Zammie, Kyla, and Argo back to his house where Leela, Mukesh, and Anjeli were unrolling woven mats to sleep on. Their house was small and only consisted of two main rooms. There was a kitchen area with a stove so Leela could cook, and there was the larger front room where the family slept at night and could entertain guests during the day. They had some small wooden chairs and a couple cots for the adults to sleep on, but otherwise there was very little furniture. Many of the Greek houses that were closer to the larger cities were built with a small outdoor courtyard where the family could relax or serve meals, but no such luxuries were to be found for Zammie and Kyla on this night.
Although better than being stowed away on a ship inside a wicker basket, the mats on the hard, dirt floor weren’t the most comfortable setting for Zammie and Kyla. That being said it wasn’t too unfamiliar for them either. Growing up, Kyla and Zammie had spent many nights at their cousins’ house where they had to sleep on the floor because there were too many kids to fit into beds.  They were so tired now that the hard floor really didn’t make a difference. They both fell asleep quickly.






TIME TRIP ADVENTURE 4
KILLING FOR COUNTRY  
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TIME TRIP ADVENTURE 1
THE JOURNEY TO ANCIENT GREECE 
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TIME TRIP ADVENTURE 2
A RIDE ON THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD
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TIME TRIP ADVENTURE 3
WITNESS TO THE FIRST THANKSGIVING 
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Aztec Childhood

Royal procession from Goddess of Grass
The Aztecs had a highly complex social structure, where both formal and informal laws governed the life of the citizen from birth to death. A citizen of the empire was expected to live an obedient, ordered life in service of the state. A structured path was devised for them from the day they were born, to the day they died. This path is a fusion of rigorously ingrained customary law and brutally enforced statutory law.


In the years prior to the Spanish Conquest, Mexica (pronounced something similar to meh-shee-ka) children went to a local school known as the telpochcalli. Here they were taught basic occupational skills, basics of warfare, and civics as well as history and religion.  Boys and girls attended different schools.

Some Macehualtin (merchant class) children who were gifted and talented got sent to a calmecac.  The calmecac was also where children of noble birth, the Pilli, went to school and it was run by priests who taught government and the all-important religious concepts.  At the calmecac students also learned Aztec history, astronomy, letters, and poetry.

Boys went to the calmecac when they reached age 15.  If they did not attend this school, then they went to the cuicacalli, which was a junior military academy.  All of the boys were trained in war and there was heated rivalry between different academies that often led to fights.  While there were several professions open to non-working-class men, including priest, bureaucrat, and doctor, the life of a warrior won the most glory.

Aztec girls received more home schooling than boys.  They began learning to weave at age four and to cook at age 12.  Female education was more or less preparation for marriage, but noble girls spent a year when they were 12 or 13 attending the priestesses in the temple; some would go on to become professional priestesses.


-- from Aztec History


Aztec boys at school listening to their teacher.



Time Trip Adventure 1 
The Journey to Ancient Greece 
PDF available FREE here 

TIME TRIP ADVENTURE 2
A RIDE ON THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD
Available at Amazon.com!     

Friday, August 24, 2012

Splitting up the Family


          “Couldn’t your husband just buy you?”
          Harriet chuckled. “Lord, no. He ain’t got that kind a’money. My owner would charge him too much. Besides, if you buyin’ a slave then that means you approve of them bein’ property in the first place. If you don’t approve of human beings bein’ property then you don’t buy 'em. You just help 'em get away.”
          Zammie thought about that for a moment. “When did you first run away?”
          “Just last year,” she said. “Three of my sisters had already been sold off to traders down in Georgia an’ I wasn’t gonna be the one to go next so I ran off. The way I see it, there are two things we’ve all got a right to in this life. One is death, the other is liberty. And one or the other I intend to have.”
Slave Auction from Harper's Weekly
          Zammie liked the passion that Harriet spoke with. She imbued a confidence and electricity unlike anyone he had ever met before.
 “They sold away your sisters?” asked Zammie.
          “Yeah, they do that,” said Harriet. “Masters don’t care. Two sisters was separated from their own little girls. Kessiah was lucky she was being auctioned with her kids. A lot a’ women ain’t so lucky. Lot a’ kids lose their parents that way.”
          Zammie thought about his own parents, and how terrible it would be to have them taken away and sold like that, never to be seen again.

-- Harriet tells of her family
from Time Trip #2 (Chaper 7) 


1850s family of slaves from PBS




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THE JOURNEY TO ANCIENT GREECE 
Available at Amazon.com!

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A RIDE ON THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD
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TIME TRIP ADVENTURE 3
WITNESS TO THE FIRST THANKSGIVING 
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TIME TRIP ADVENTURE 4
KILLING FOR COUNTRY  
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Thursday, August 23, 2012

May It Be - Fugitive Slave Art

Something a little different: After starting the music video below, scroll down through the artwork which shows various interpretations of fugitive slaves in search of freedom.











An armed fugitive slave family defends itself from capture.



"Runaway Slaves" published in Harper's Weekly in 1864


"Underground Railroad Aids Runaway Slave" by John Davies

"The Underground Railroad" (1891) by Charles T. Webber










"A Ride for Freedom - The Fugitive Slaves 1862" by Eastman Johnson



"The Fugitive Slave" (1853) by John Adam Houston


TIME TRIP ADVENTURE 1
THE JOURNEY TO ANCIENT GREECE 
Available at Amazon.com!

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A RIDE ON THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD
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TIME TRIP ADVENTURE 3
WITNESS TO THE FIRST THANKSGIVING 
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TIME TRIP ADVENTURE 4
KILLING FOR COUNTRY  
Available at Amazon.com! 

Wednesday, August 22, 2012

Child Slaves of The South

"If you were a slave child 150 years ago, your life would be hard. How hard? Harder if you worked on a huge plantation in the Deep South rather than on a smaller one in Virginia or Maryland. Harder if you worked in the fields rather than in the house. And hardest if your owner used cruel punishments or broke up your family by selling off a parent or sibling."


-- from "Life for slave children in 1861" 


Young fugitive slave


Newly emancipated slave children.



In the above 2 images (from EastmanHouse.org)  are two slave children who were released by Union troops. They show a brother and sister who were freed from their owner, Thomas White of Mathews County, Virginia, by Captain Riley of the 6th U. S. 0.1. on February 20, 1864, and taken to the Society of Friends (Quakers) in Philadelphia to be educated at the Orphan’s Shelter. The cartes-de-visite were sold to raise funds to educate the children. The captions on the photographs explain that the children’s mother had been “beaten, branded and sold at auction because she was kind to Union Soldiers.” She had been taken away to be sold in Richmond only seven days before the children were freed. Their story puts the pain of the slave market into chilling perspective.



Time Trip Adventure 1 
The Journey to Ancient Greece 
PDF available FREE here 

TIME TRIP ADVENTURE 2
A RIDE ON THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD
Available at Amazon.com!      

Tuesday, August 21, 2012

The Journey to Ancient Greece - Chapter 8



Zammie was in the middle of a frightening dream where he was being chased by Captain Jack Sparrow while riding a quidditch broomstick when he was awoken by the bright glare of the sun beaming down on his face.  He sat up to see Kyla sleeping a couple feet away from him. The next thing he noticed was that they were surrounded by water. For a split second Zammie had the horrifying feeling that they had floated out into the ocean. He then remembered that they were in the Gulf of Corinth and couldn’t be that far from land.  Unfortunately no land could be seen. 
          “Zammie!” a voice rang out from the distance.
          Zammie looked around and saw Argo on the other plank about fifty yards away.  All three of the children had fallen asleep during the night and Argo’s plank had drifted off on another current.
“Hold on, Argo,” said Zammie. “We’ll come to you.”
The yelling had awoken Kyla. She looked around and said, “Where are we now?”
“I don’t know but we need to catch up with Argo. He’s drifting away. Help me paddle towards him.”
Zammie and Kyla used their arms to propel their makeshift raft towards Argo. Kyla looked down into the deep blue water below and wondered if there were any big whales waiting to burst through the surface and swallow them.
Zammie dropped down into the water and began pushing the plank while kicking with his feet to generate more speed. It was exhausting work, but eventually the two cousins reached Argo.
“Any idea where we could be?” asked Zammie. He climbed back up on top of the plank.
“I don’t know,” said Argo, “but I know it’s early morning because the sun is still low in the sky over there. And unless we passed Patras during the night then it must be over there.” Argo pointed in a direction opposite from where the sun was rising.
“Then we should paddle that way,” said Zammie. “Can you do that?”
“Let’s go,” said Argo, and he began paddling as he had seen the cousins do.
“I’m thirsty, Zammie,” said Kyla. She was still very tired.
“Me too, Kyla, but we need to get to land. Can you help me paddle?”
“I’ll try.”
The two cousins used their strength to paddle after Argo. From time to time Zammie would drop down into the water again and begin kicking, but he would quickly grow exhausted and have to climb back up on the plank to rest.
They paddled and they paddled. The scenery didn’t change. Little waves continued to lap against the planks of wood as the children bobbed slowly on the water’s surface.  Zammie worried what would happen if the planks began to crack or dissolve in the salt water.  Would they be able to tread water out here? Would they be attacked by sharks?
Soon Kyla had to stop paddling.
“I’m tired, Zammie,” she said.
“We have to keep going,” said Zammie. “The more we paddle, the less time we have to wait to reach land.”
Kyla struggled to begin paddling again but the sun was directly above them now, and was burning down on their unprotected heads. Their parents had grown up in a small fishing village in the Philippines and would have been more adept in such conditions, but Kyla and Zammie were California city kids.  The hot sun made them uncomfortable and the lack of water was taking its toll. Zammie’s tongue was dry and the sight of the blue sea water made him even thirstier.
The three children continued to paddle as best they could, but their strength was giving out.  Kyla could barely move her arms anymore when she noticed a large object floating in the water in the distance.
“Zammie, what’s that?” she asked pointing towards the horizon.
Zammie looked for a moment, shielding his eyes from the hot glare of the sun.  He quickly turned to Argo, “Hey, Argo,” he said. “This way! There’s a boat!”
The three children summoned what energy they had left and paddled hard to move towards the small boat they spotted.  As they got closer Zammie could tell that it was a small fisherman’s boat with one man aboard. Zammie jumped down into the water once more and began pushing Kyla and the plank towards the boat while kicking his legs.  He used the plank of wood like the paddle board he used in swim class the previous year at school.  He was hoping desperately that the fisherman would have water to drink.
Argo noticed that Zammie was making good speed by using the paddle board method.
“Zammie, wait,” said Argo.
Zammie was about ten feet away from Argo when he stopped.  Argo paddled his own plank towards Zammie.
“Let me help you so we can get there faster,” said Argo.
“Okay, but hold on tight,” said Zammie.
Argo carefully dropped into the warm water while holding on tightly to the plank on which Kyla was sitting. Both he and Zammie began to kick and they moved the plank even faster towards the fisherman’s boat.
As they approached the boat the fisherman saw them and leaned out to try and reach for them. He was a young Indian man probably in his twenties with thick black hair, sun-darkened skin, and a few days growth of beard. He wore a white cloth dhoti wrapped around his waist almost like a skirt, but in the hot midday sun he wore no shirt.
“What are you kids doing out here?” asked the fisherman. “Let me help you.”
Kyla was the first helped into the small boat followed by Argo and Zammie. Their tunics were soaked but the warm breeze off the water helped them to dry out a little.
“Thank you so much,” said Zammie. “You have no idea…”
Zammie paused when he looked at the fisherman because he looked so familiar.
“Mister G?” asked Zammie.
The fisherman cocked his head to the side with a grin. “Who?” he asked.
“Mister G,” repeated Zammie. “Kyla, doesn’t he look like Mister G?”
“Mister G is old, Zammie,” said Kyla.
“I know, but…what’s your name, sir?” asked Zammie.
“Jasvinder. But you can call me Vinnie,” said the fisherman.
“Vinnie, you look like someone else I know,” said Zammie. He couldn’t shake the feeling that this was Ramesh. There was the obvious age difference between Vinnie and Ramesh but the nose and eyes and slanted smile all looked the same. Maybe he was a distant relative.
“What are you children doing so far out here by yourselves?” asked Vinnie.
“Do you have any water, sir?” asked Kyla.
“Yes, of course,” said Vinnie. All three of the children exhaled in unison. Vinnie took a small clay bowl and dipped it into a larger clay pot filled with fresh water. He handed the bowl to Kyla who drank it quickly.
          “Oh, it’s so good,” said Kyla.
          “Not too fast, Kyla,” said Zammie. “You’ll get sick if you drink too fast.”
          Vinnie served each of the three children while Zammie told him their story.
          “So you are trying to get to Patras?” asked Vinnie after listening to their tale.
          “Yes,” said Argo. “Are we far?”
          “No, not far at all,” answered Vinnie. “In fact, I can take you there. Patras is just a few miles that way.” Vinnie pointed towards the west. Zammie could see the dark outline of land along the horizon. “I can take you there, but first you will need to do a favor for me.”
          “What do you need?” asked Argo.
          “If I take you to Patras now I will lose the rest of my day for fishing. But I will take you to Patras tomorrow if you help me fill this boat with fish today,” said Vinnie.
          “How do we do that?” asked Kyla.
          “It’s easy,” said Vinnie. “Watch me.” Vinnie took a net and tossed it out over one edge of the boat. “Just like that,” he said. The net sunk down into the water. After a couple moments he slowly pulled the net back up to the boat and there was a handful of small, shiny fish wriggling in the net.
          “You see?” Vinnie said. “Drag the nets slowly from side to side then pull them up. This time a day you should catch a lot of these small ones.” He gave a net to each of the three children. “Argo, you take that side, Kyla you take the front, and Zammie you take this side.”
          Each of the children threw their net out over the water on different sides of the boat. Zammie saw Vinnie pick up a knife and a leather bag that he slung over his shoulder.
          “What are you going to do?” asked Zammie.
“With Arjuna’s help,” said Vinnie, “I will return with a good catch.”
          With that Vinnie stepped off the boat and into the water. The water had become so clear that Zammie could easily see him nose diving for the sea floor.  The colors of the corals, fish, and ocean plants looked vibrant and magical down below the water’s surface. Everything appeared to be turquoise, orange, and purple, and swayed slowly to the rhythm of the currents.
          “Arjuna?” Zammie said to himself.
          “What’s he doing?” asked Kyla.
          “He’s getting fish from the ocean floor,” said Zammie.
          “Is it safe down there?” she asked.
          “Kyla, I know that’s Mister G. I don’t know how, but I know it is,” said Zammie.
          “What?” she said. “You’re crazy.”
          “We’re in ancient Greece, Kyla. I don’t doubt that anything is possible now,” said Zammie.
          Argo lifted up his net and found it full of small, silver fish wriggling and dancing.
          “Look!” he said.
          “Pull it on board,” said Zammie. He stepped over to help Argo pull the net up.  Both the net and the fish fell onto the floor of the boat.
          “What do we do with them?” asked Kyla.
          “We’ll put them in a pile over here,” said Argo.  He shook the fish out of the net into a corner of the boat.  There were many fish still stuck in the tight mesh of the net and Argo had to pull them out individually. By the time he had finished they heard a splash and a loud gasp on the other side of the boat. Everyone looked over to see Vinnie swimming towards them with one arm. When he reached them he lifted his other arm out of the water and threw a squirming, purple and gray bundle onto the floor of the boat.
          Kyla jumped up. “Squid!” she yelled.
          “No, it’s an octopus,” said Zammie. “And it’s a big one!”
          “Yes,” said Vinnie. He climbed up into the boat and took the leather bag off his shoulder. “Look what else I found.”  Vinnie showed the children the bag filled with large clams that he had scavenged from the rocks below.
          “How long can you hold your breath, Vinnie?” asked Kyla.
          Vinnie laughed. “Long enough to get all this,” he answered.
          “We already got some fish,” said Argo. “We put them over there.”
          Vinnie looked where Argo was pointing. “Wonderful!” said Vinnie. A few more hauls like that and we’ll be in business.”
          “I’m hungry,” said Kyla.
          “You are?” asked Vinnie. His expression showed concern for the young child.
          “I think we all are,” said Zammie. “We haven’t eaten since yesterday.”
          “Oh,” said Vinnie. “Well, I hope you like fish. As you can guess, it’s all I have.”
          “Ha! We’re Filipino! We love fish,” said Zammie.
          “Fili-what?” asked Vinnie.
          “Nevermind,” said Zammie. “You like fish, don’t you, Argo?”
          “I would eat just about anything right now,” said Argo
“Me too. I can clean these.” Zammie grabbed one of the silver and blue fish. “Is it okay if we have this one, Vinnie?”
“Be my guest,” said Vinnie.
Zammie took one of the small knives in the corner of the boat and began scaling the fish.
“Is it dead?” asked Kyla.
“Yes,” said Zammie. “But I’m so hungry I’d eat it live.”
“Gross,” said Kyla.
Zammie rinsed the fish in the water then chopped off the tail and head. Then he slit the belly open and rinsed out the fish guts in the water as well.
“I hope this doesn’t attract sharks,” said Zammie.
“Me too,” said Vinnie with his crooked grin.
Zammie sliced off a thick filet from the side of the fish and offered it to Kyla.
“Wow, you’re pretty good at that,” said Vinnie.
“I go fishing with my dad and uncles a lot,” said Zammie.
“Eat it raw?” asked Kyla.
“It’s sashimi,” said Zammie. “Like at the Japanese restaurant we went to.”
Kyla held the pink fish flesh between her fingers and took a small bite out of it. She chewed a couple times then smiled and took a bigger bite.
“Good, huh?” said Zammie.
Kyla nodded and gobbled up the rest. She was too hungry to ask if there was any seasoning to put on it.
Zammie sliced off a serving for himself and Argo as well.  It wasn’t quite a feast but it would do until they got back to land. After eating, Vinnie and the three children continued to fish for a couple more hours. They hauled in so much fish that the boat soon rested nearly a foot deeper in the water than when the children first arrived.
“Okay, I think I’ve made you children work long enough. Let’s head back to shore,” said Vinnie.
All three children helped Vinnie paddle back to land. By the time they reached the beach the sun was beginning to set in the western horizon where the Gulf of Corinth led out towards the Mediterranean Sea. The four of them pulled Vinnie’s boat up onto the sand and packed all the fish into a series of clay pots of varying sizes.  There were a couple other fishermen on the beach pulling their boats onto land as well, but this place wasn’t nearly as busy as the port they had left near Delphi. There wasn’t an actual dock.  The fishermen just pulled their flat-bottom boats out of the water and up onto the sand.
“Do you know where to find you sister in Patras, Argo?” asked Zammie.
“Not exactly,” said Argo. “I just know she is at the house of the Kaiaphas family. But I’m not sure where they live.”
“We will rest at my house tonight,” said Vinnie. “My wife is an excellent cook, and I have two children your age who would love to meet you.”
“That sounds great!” said Kyla.
“Yes, but we should begin travelling early tomorrow,” said Argo.
“I agree. We’ll start early,” said Vinnie. “Now, if each of you can carry a pot for me that would be wonderful. Kyla, you take that little one there and follow me. My house is just over this hill.”
          Each of the children picked up a pot of fish. Vinnie carried a long bamboo stick on both of his shoulders. There were nets filled with fish, bags of clams, and octopi tied to the ends of both sticks. The mini-caravan of Vinnie and his three seafarers walked from the beach towards a small hill covered with soft, green grass. On the other side of the hill was a little village consisting of about twelve small homes.  Kyla could see a beautiful meadow on the far side of the village and a thin, clear brook that ran through it. There were both chickens and little children running around the dirt paths between the homes. The children continued to play until they saw Vinnie and his compatriots entering the village, and then they all began running towards Vinnie calling his name.
          “Uncle Vinnie! Uncle Vinnie!” yelled the children. They all ran up to Vinnie trying to get a glimpse of the day’s catch. Vinnie led everyone to the small brook near the edge of the village where he put the fish down.  Several old women were there waiting.  They grabbed the fish from the pots and took it to the brook where they began to scale and clean them. Some of the children also pitched in to help clean the fish.
          “They’ll take it from here,” Vinnie told his three visitors. “Follow me. I’ll take you to my home.”  Vinnie led the three children into the village where they walked up to a small house made of mud bricks and stone.  The front door was made of tree limbs and the windows were just open squares in the walls.
          “Leela!” said Vinnie, “come out here for a moment. I have brought guests.”
          Vinnie’s wife walked out of their small house and greeted the children with a gentle smile. She was an Indian woman with long, black hair and sparkling brown eyes. 
          “Hello,” Leela said. She wore a purple and yellow cotton sari that Kyla thought was beautiful.
          “This is Kyla, Zammie, and Argo,” said Vinnie. “I found them out at sea. They say they were on a merchant ship that was sunk by pirates.”
          Leela gasped.
          Zammie noticed that several small children had gathered around a few paces away watching the strangers closely. He saw a little dark-haired Indian girl who was about five years old staring at him so he smiled and waved to her. The little girl smiled and turned to her friends and started laughing.
          “They will stay with us tonight, Leela,” said Vinnie.
          “Of course! You must be exhausted,” said Leela.
          “Yes, ma’am,” said Zammie. “We’ve had a crazy couple of days.”
          “You should make them some of your famous fish curry,” Vinnie said to his wife.
          “I can do that,” Leela said.
          “Excuse me, ma’am,” said Argo, “but where can I wash my clothes?”
          “We can do that for you as well,” said Leela.
          “We have extra clothes you can wear,” said Vinnie.
          “Yes,” said Leela, “I have some extra tunics that should fit you. I can wash your clothes and then let them dry overnight.”
          “That’s good, because my clothes smell like the ocean,” said Kyla.
          “Anjali! Mukesh! Come over here,” Vinnie said to two of the children who had gathered around watching the visitors. Everyone in the village was Greek except for Vinnie and his family who were Indian. Zammie was still convinced this young man before him was somehow his old neighbor back in California but he had no idea how that made any sense.  He had no idea how any of this made any sense.
          The five year old girl who had waved at Zammie ran over to Vinnie, and a boy who was probably seven walked over as well.  “This is my daughter, Anjeli, and this is my son, Mukesh,” said Vinnie. “These three visitors are going to stay with us tonight. So we need to build a fire pit to cook supper for them.”
          “And then ghost stories?” asked Mukesh.
          “I don’t know, son,” said Vinnie. “Do you think they can handle it?”
          Mukesh looked at three visitors with a big smile on his face. “Yes!”
          “Haha! I’m sure they can, but let’s get the fire going first,” said Vinnie.
          “Okay!” said Mukesh, and he ran off towards a stack of firewood near the meadow behind the house.
          Vinnie stepped over to his daughter. “Anjali, you go help your mother with the curry.”
          “Yes, dadi,” said Anjali in a tiny voice before running back inside the house with her mother.
          Vinnie looked at his three visitors with a big smile. “I know you all are hungry. Leela makes the best curry you’ll ever have.”






TIME TRIP ADVENTURE 4
KILLING FOR COUNTRY  
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TIME TRIP ADVENTURE 1
THE JOURNEY TO ANCIENT GREECE 
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TIME TRIP ADVENTURE 2
A RIDE ON THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD
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TIME TRIP ADVENTURE 3
WITNESS TO THE FIRST THANKSGIVING 
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